فصلنامه مدیریت پرستاری
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 42، زمستان 1401)

Nurses have an undeniable role in preventing nursing and medical errors, and evaluating their attitude towards error reporting, as a strategic indicator, can help nursing managers in preventing errors and improving patient safety and quality of nursing care. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the attitude of nurses towards the occurrence and reporting of nursing errors.

This is a descriptive-cross-sectional study that was conducted on nurses working in general wards and critical care units of hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The number of samples was determined to be 336 people, using Cochran's formula. Stratified random sampling was carried out from the end of June to the beginning of July 2019 among the qualified nurses working in the selected hospitals. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire related to the nurses' attitudes towards the occurrence and reporting of nursing errors. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by content validity ration (CVI) method, and it was modified based on the opinion of 10 faculty members in the field of nursing and nursing management, with the overall CVI of 0.81. To determine the trustworthiness and reliability of the tool, its internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) was calculated at 0.781. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16, using descriptive analysis and inferential tests such as Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis.

From the nurses’ point of view, the most important cause of nursing errors was management problems. Management problems, such as being blamed, not having enough support, and not having proper feedback from the manager, were the most important reasons for not reporting errors (76.1%). The general attitude of nurses towards error reporting was evaluated at favorable level. Among the components of nurses’ attitude towards reporting nursing error, the component of "error reporting as a strategic indicator is effective in preventing errors" with the mean score of 2.83, and the component of "nursing error reporting should not be done only through a motivational mechanism such as material encouragement" with the mean score 2.16, obtained the highest and lowest scores, respectively. There was a significant relationship between nurses' attitudes towards error reporting, the cause of error, and individual and hospital characteristics (P˂0.05).

According to the findings of this study, it is necessary for nursing managers at all levels of management in hospitals to remove the obstacles to reporting nursing errors by evaluating nurses' attitudes towards reporting nursing errors and also by formulating practical strategies to improve nurses' attitudes towards reporting errors. In this way, it is possible to improve patient safety and consequently, enhance the quality of nursing care.

Recent literature has shown an increasing interest in the training of nurses in the field of applying important psychological structures to improve nurse-patient relationships in the clinical environment; Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of Attachment styles, Mentalization, and Shame and Guilt in predicting the quality of care and especially interpersonal relationships between nurses and patients.

The method of this study was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the research was all the nurses working in the hospitals of Isfahan in 2022, and 210 of them were selected through convenience sampling. In order to collect data, Adult Attachment Inventory, Reflective Functioning questionnaire Test of Self-Conscious Affect and Quality Patient Care Scale were used. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis in SPSS-24 software.

The results showed that there is a negative and significant correlation between Insecure Attachment, Shame and Guilt, and the uncertainty component of Mentalization with the quality of patient care (P<0.01). There is a positive and significant correlation between Secure Attachment and the confidence component of Mentalization with the quality of patient care (P<0.01). The results of multiple regression analysis also revealed that 66.4% of the variance in the quality of patient care is explained by Attachment Styles, Mentalization, and Shame and Guilt.

The results of this study highlighted the important contribution of assessing the Attachment Style, Mentalization and Shame and Guilt in nurses - to clarify the role of these components in the quality of patient care, especially in the field of interpersonal relationships. It is suggested that these variables be used in future studies to improve nurse-patient relationships.

Maladaptive daydreaming (MD) is an extreme form of daydreaming that may cause significant psychological distress and dysfunction in individuals. A lot of research has been done on maladaptive daydreaming weaving recently, but its psychopathology is still not clear. The aim of this study was to compare psychological problems and job performance among two groups of nurses with MD and without MD.

This research is causal-comparative. The statistical population of this research was made up of all the nurses of Kermanshah hospitals. Among the statistical population, 80 nurses were selected as a sample group in a convenience manner. Using the MDS-16 scale, out of 80 people in the sample, 30 people were diagnosed as having MD symptoms and 50 people were diagnosed as people without MD symptoms. 30 people without MD symptoms were selected and compared with the group with MD symptoms (30 people). The maladaptive daydreaming scale, generalized anxiety disorder scale, obsessive-compulsive questionnaire, self-report diagnostic questionnaire of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and job performance questionnaire were used to collect information. The analysis of the information obtained from the implementation of questionnaires was done through SPSS software version 24 in two descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (multivariate analysis of variance) sections.

The results indicated that there is a significant difference between psychological problems and job performance among two groups of nurses with and without maladaptive daydreaming (P<0.05). Between the fact that nurses with maladaptive daydreaming have a higher mean score in general anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, attention deficit and hyperactivity and have a lower score in job performance.

The presence of MD among nurses and a high score in psychological problems and a low score in job performance indicate a potentially serious, comprehensive and important problem. This preliminary study should provide a solid foundation for more detailed research on the causes and factors associated with MD and other related psychological problems and job performance. In addition, it is suggested to pay special attention to MD as an important component.

During the outbreak of the Covid-19 disease, people may resort to maladaptive strategies that can lead to psychological distress and disrupt their social and occupational functions; therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the prediction of psychological distress and nurses' job performance based on maladaptive daydreaming and social loneliness during the covid-19 epidemic.

The method of this study was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the research was all the nurses working in the hospitals of Kermanshah city in the first quarter of 2022, and 230 of them were selected through available sampling. In order to collect data, maladaptive daydreaming scale (MDS–16), social loneliness scale, Job Performance Questionnaire, and Kessler's psychological distress questionnaire were used. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis in SPSS-24 software.

The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between maladaptive daydreaming and social loneliness with nurses' psychological distress (p<0.01). There is a negative and significant relationship between maladaptive daydreaming and social loneliness with nurses' job performance (p<0.01). The results of multiple regression analysis also revealed that 45% of the variance of psychological distress and 65.8% of the variance of job performance is explained by maladaptive daydreaming and social loneliness.

The findings showed that during the outbreak of covid-19, the tendency of MD in people and especially in nurses to lock themselves in the world of fantasy is intensified, which in turn contributes to alienation in social relationships and social isolation, which in turn contributes to the intensification of daydreaming. And as a result, it brings psychological distress and disruption in daily and job performance; therefore, in order to prevent and design suitable interventions in this field, it is important to pay attention to MD and social isolation.

New graduated Nurses may experience significant psychological stress due to the transition from the training phase to the clinical environment. New workplace conditions require project new graduated nurses to be supported by the organization, supervisors and co-workers. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between organizational support, peer support and head nurse support in the job performance of new graduated nurses.

This descriptive correlational study was performed in Tabriz teaching hospitals. A total of 244 nurses with inclusion criteria were selected as a sample between June 2017 and March 2017. Data collection tools were a five-part questionnaire that included demographic information, Eisenberger Organizational Support Questionnaire, Perceived Peer Support Scale, Standard Perceived Supervision Support Tool, and Patterson Job Performance Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 21. In this regard, descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics, Pearson correlation test were used. Significance level was considered p <0.05.

Pearson correlation test showed that there was no significant relationship between perceived organizational support and job performance (p <0.05, r = 0.05). However, there is a significant positive relationship between perceived guardianship support and job performance (p <0.01, r = 0.26). Also, there is no significant relationship between perceived peer support and job performance (p <0.05, r = 0.13).

The results of this study showed that among the three variables of perceived organizational support, co-worker support and perceived supervisory support, only perceived supervisory support has a significant relationship with the performance of new graduated nurses. Based on the results of this study, head nurses as direct supervisors of new graduated nurses can improve the performance of nurses by introducing the supportive policies of the nurses and thereby help to improve patients' health and satisfaction.

Considering the importance and pivotal role of nurses in pain management and control, it is necessary to know the psychological components affecting the attitude and performance of nurses. This study was also conducted with the aim of investigating the role of object relations and mentalization in predicting the attitude and performance of nurses in relation to the management of patients' pain.

The present study was descriptive-correlational, which was carried out by convenience sampling on 170 nurses working in the emergency department of hospitals and medical centers in Tehran in 2022. The research tools included the attitude and performance questionnaire in relation to pain management, Bell's Thematic Relations Scale, and reflective activity questionnaire. The research tools included attitude and performance questionnaire, Bell Object Relations Inventory and Reflective Functioning questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis in SPSS-24 software.

The results showed that there is a negative and significant correlation between the subscales of object relations (insecure attachment, alienation, social incompetence, and egocentricity) and the subscale of mentalization (uncertainty) with the attitude and performance of nurses in relation to the management of patients' pain (p<0.01).There is a positive and significant correlation between the subscale of mentalization (certainty) and the attitude and performance of nurses in relation to the management of patients' pain (p<0.01). The results of multiple regression analysis also revealed that 79.7% of the variance of nurses' attitudes regarding patient pain management and 64.7% of the variance of nurses' performance regarding patient pain management are explained by object relations and mentalization.

The results of the study showed the significant role of object relations and mentalization in predicting the attitude and performance of nurses in managing patients' pain. Therefore, educational programs based on the model of mentalization and object relations are suggested to improve the positive attitude and better performance of health and nursing workers in the field of patient pain management.

Due to the nature of their profession, nurses face psychological, emotional and interpersonal issues. Investigating the role of various factors in improving the current environment of health care is a vital issue. This study examines the role of attachment styles, rumination and psychological coherence in predicting the intimacy attitude and quality of life of nurses.

The method of this study was cross-sectional and correlational. The statistical population was all nurses in Tehran in 2022. For this purpose, 200 of these people were selected by convenience sampling method, and Hazan and Shaver Adult Attachment Inventory (1987), Nolen and Hoeksma's rumination response scale (1991), Flensburg et al.'s sense of coherence questionnaire (2006), Amidon et al.'s intimacy attitude scale (1983) and World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL -BREF) (1996) answered. After collecting the questionnaires, the collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis simultaneously in SPSS-24 software.

The results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between secure attachment style and psychological coherence with intimacy attitude. There is a negative and significant correlation between insecure attachment style and rumination with intimacy attitude (p<0.01). There is a positive and significant correlation between secure attachment style and psychological coherence with quality of life. (P<0.01). There is a negative and significant correlation between insecure attachment style and rumination with quality of life (P<0.01). The results of multiple regression analysis also revealed that 42.2% of the variance of intimacy attitude and 61.8% of the variance of quality of life are explained by attachment styles, rumination and psychological cohesion.

This study showed that attachment styles, rumination and psychological coherence can predict and explain intimacy attitude and quality of life in nurses. Therefore, future research can help to improve the intimacy attitude and quality of life of nurses by exploring attachment patterns, improving psychological coherence and reducing rumination.

The purpose of the current research is to investigate the effect of mindfulness on the behavior of organizational citizens, with the mediator role of nurses' resilience in Shahid Sadougi Hospital, Isfahan.

The present research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the current research consists of all the nurses of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital of Isfahan, numbering 72 people, and the sample size was selected by the total census method, numbering 72 people.

The research tool includes three questionnaires of mindfulness, organizational citizen behavior, and resilience, with 10, 19, and 16 questions, respectively, whose face validity has been approved by the relevant professors and experts, as well as through structural validity. The basis of confirmatory factor analysis has also been proven, and its reliability has been confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha of 0.82. The collected data were analyzed based on structural equation path analysis in Smart PLS software. The results showed that according to the Sobel test, the Z-value is 13.53, which is more than 1.96, confirming the impact of the resilience variable in the relationship between mindfulness and organizational citizen behavior. Also, mindfulness on resilience, with an impact factor of 0.74 and T value of 15.560, mindfulness on organizational citizen behavior, with an impact factor of 0.55 and T value of 6.07, and resilience on organizational citizen behavior, with impact factor 0.81 and T value 14.510 has had a positive and significant effect.

Therefore, resilience has had the greatest impact on organizational citizen behavior with an impact factor of 0.81, and awareness has had the least impact on organizational citizen behavior with an impact factor of 0.55.

Many studies have investigated sleep disturbances among nurses worldwide, but few studies have investigated the psychological factors related to sleep problems in nurses; therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the predictive role of occupational stress, mindfulness, and self-compassion in nurses' sleep disturbances.

The research method was a correlational description. The statistical population of this study was all nurses working in hospitals and clinics in Tehran in 2023. Among them, 168 people were selected based on convenience sampling method. Nursing Job Stress Questionnaire (1981), mindfulness assessment scale (2003), self-compassion scale (2003) and sleep disorder questionnaire (1980) were used to collect research data. To analyze the research data, the statistical method of multiple regression was used in the statistical software SPSS version 24.

The results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between occupational stress (r=0.636, P<0.01) and sleep disorders in nurses. There is a negative and significant correlation between mindfulness (r=0.353, P<0.01) and self-compassion (r=0.442, P<0.01) with sleep disorders in nurses. The results of multiple regression analysis also revealed that 40.5% of the variance of sleep disturbances is explained by occupational stress, mindfulness and self-compassion.

The results showed that occupational stress, mindfulness and self-compassion can predict sleep disturbances in nurses. The findings of this study contribute to the existing knowledge about sleep disturbances among nurses and to increase the quality of work and well-being of nurses. In addition, based on the results, it is recommended that training courses based on mindfulness and self-compassion be held to improve nurses' sleep.

Nursing is a stressful job and is associated with various behavioral and psychological consequences; Therefore, The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of attachment, mentalization and cognitive emotion regulation in predicting the tendency to use substance in nurses.

The method of this study was descriptive-correlation. The research community consisted of all nurses in the emergency department of hospitals and medical centers in Shiraz. In this study, 160 people were selected through convenience sampling and answered the Adult Attachment Inventory (1987), reflective activity questionnaire (2016), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2001), and Iranian Addiction Potential Scale (2008). The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis in SPSS-24 software.

The results showed that there is a negative and significant correlation between the secure attachment style (r = -0.175, p < 0.05), the confidence component of mentalization (r = - 0.187, p < 0.05), and the adaptive cognitive emotion regulation (r = -0.564, p < 0.01) with the tendency to use substance in nurses. There is a positive and significant correlation between the insecure attachment style (r=0.351, p<0.01), the uncertainty component of mentalization (r=0.242, p<0.01) and the maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation (r=0.348, p<0.01) with the tendency to use substance in nurses. The results of multiple regression analysis also revealed that 48.7% of the variance of tendency to use substance is explained by attachment, mentalization and cognitive emotion regulation.

The result of the research shows the significant role of attachment styles, mentalization and cognitive emotion regulation in predicting the tendency to use drugs in nurses, which can help to recognize and improve the factors and motivations of nurses who have a tendency to use substance.